01
CCTV REFERENCE EVIDENCE
18.35 cameras / 1k
112,999 reported cameras in Singapore. The city-state boundary reduces, but does not remove, comparability issues.
Open CCTV sourceTHE EVIDENCE STACK
Seven records
Different claims
Every measure has its own source, date, and scope. The country profile keeps them distinct by design.
FACE / BIOMETRIC
Documented pilot or limited use
Smart Nation sensor programme · 2018
Reuters reported testing facial-recognition technology on lampposts as part of the Smart Nation programme. The record remains limited/pilot because the review did not validate a routine public-space policing use at national scale.
AI USE SCOPE
Crowd analytics
2021-10 · High confidence
GovTech describes CCTV, drone, parking, and analytical inputs used to estimate crowd levels and update a public Safe Distance @ Parks service during COVID-19.
The source supports public-health crowd analytics, not a general claim of routine facial identification in public space.
GovTech Singapore · Safe Distance @ ParksPRIVATE-CAMERA LINK
Documented footage-request programme
National / vehicle owners · 2021
Singapore Police Force’s Community Watch scheme provides a voluntary channel for registered vehicle owners to submit dashboard-camera footage in response to investigations.
SAFEGUARDS CONTEXT
57.1 / 100
WJP 2025 Factor 4.6: protection from arbitrary interference with privacy in practice. The score changed +0.4 points from 2024.
Open WJP sourceSUPPLIER / PROCUREMENT
Evidence gap retained
Not documented in this release
No attributed supplier, public body, and surveillance-relevant system chain was verified for this pilot record.
An evidence gap is not a finding that no supplier, contract, or public procurement exists.
No comparable public source located in this reviewINCIDENTS & REDRESS
Official finding
19 Mar 2020 · Marina Bay Residences · management corporation and security contractor
Unauthorised disclosure of CCTV footage at Marina Bay Residences
The Personal Data Protection Commission stated that MCST 3593 and New-E Security failed to put reasonable security arrangements in place to prevent unauthorised disclosure of common-property CCTV footage.
This is a local private-property CCTV case, included to document a specific governance failure rather than national practice.
Personal Data Protection Commission Singapore Open incidents & redressDATA INFRASTRUCTURE & JURISDICTION
Where data may sit, and what can govern it
These are separate contextual records. Data-centre capacity is not evidence of surveillance access; legal powers are not evidence of their use.
CONTEXT, NOT PROOF
High capacity and a government-cloud programme do not establish the location, ownership, or authority access of surveillance data.
High confidenceNational capacity context
2026
IMDA describes Singapore as a regional data-centre hub with total capacity exceeding 1.4 GW and a roadmap to unlock additional capacity. This is capacity context only.
Sector-specific government-cloud residency
2026
No general localisation obligation is recorded here; residency is largely sector-specific or procurement-led in government-cloud arrangements.
Government commercial-cloud framework
2026
Government on Commercial Cloud publishes a framework for agencies; provider use is governed by programme and workload requirements.
Disclosure powers in legal framework
2026
A public legal-country record identifies disclosure powers under criminal-procedure and computer-misuse laws. This does not show use against a specific dataset.
SOURCE HISTORY
When the record changed.
The timeline preserves source vintages and review dates so changes can be examined rather than announced without a record.
- 2024
- 2025-06CCTV evidence source
Singapore: 112,999 reported cameras; 18.35 per 1,000 people in the documented reference place.
Open source - 2025
- 2018Facial-recognition record
Reuters reported testing facial-recognition technology on lampposts as part of the Smart Nation programme. The record remains limited/pilot because the review did not validate a routine public-space policing use at national scale.
Open source - 2021Camera-integration record
Singapore Police Force’s Community Watch scheme provides a voluntary channel for registered vehicle owners to submit dashboard-camera footage in response to investigations.
Open source - 2021-10AI use-scope record
Crowd analytics · Public health · Decision support. GovTech describes CCTV, drone, parking, and analytical inputs used to estimate crowd levels and update a public Safe Distance @ Parks service during COVID-19.
Open source - 2026-08Supplier / procurement record
No attributed supplier, public body, and surveillance-relevant system chain was verified for this pilot record.
No comparable public source located in this review - 2026Data-infrastructure context
IMDA describes Singapore as a regional data-centre hub with total capacity exceeding 1.4 GW and a roadmap to unlock additional capacity. This is capacity context only.
Open source - 2026Lawful-access context
A public legal-country record identifies disclosure powers under criminal-procedure and computer-misuse laws. This does not show use against a specific dataset.
Open source - 19 Mar 2020Incident / redress record
Official finding: The Personal Data Protection Commission stated that MCST 3593 and New-E Security failed to put reasonable security arrangements in place to prevent unauthorised disclosure of common-property CCTV footage.
Open source - 2026-08Layer evidence review
Record category: Paired layer record. This version preserves gaps rather than treating them as evidence of absence.
No comparable public source located in this review
REVIEWED PUBLIC UPDATES
Accepted additions and corrections.
Community submissions remain private until an editor checks the source, scope, and status. Only accepted changes appear here.
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